Dimensions are the most powerful concept in Lucanet xP&A (Extended Planning & Analysis). This topic conceptually explains dimensions so that you can use them in your models.

This section also contains the following chapters on using dimensions in xP&A:

  • Creating and Editing Dimensions: Dimensions allow you to build your business' structure directly into your financial models, removing the need for formula duplication and lookups.
  • Aggregating Dimensions: The dimension aggregation function determines how the values of different dimension items are combined into one value.
  • Dimensions, Variables, and Formulas: Step-by-step instructions on how to add, modify, and remove dimension breakdowns from variables in a data model, and how to apply formulas across dimensions.

Suppose you are building a financial model for your online coffee business. You sell 10 different products (SKU), each with a different price.

In xP&A, you can create a dimension called SKU with each product as its own item:

Shows the 'Product' dimension in xP&A, with dimension items listed under 'Name': 'Coffee beans - light', 'Coffee beans - medium', 'Coffee beans - dark', 'Aeropress', and 'French press - 2 cup'. Highlighted in purple is the 'French press - 2 cup' item.
Dimension 'SKU' with dimension items

In a spreadsheet you would create a row for each product, and a column for Price:

Shows a spreadsheet used as the comparison to xP&A, with columns 'SKU' and 'Price' listing 10 products, including 'Coffee beans - light' priced at $12.00 and 'Espresso machine' priced at $299.99.
Products with prices in a spreadsheet

In xP&A, you can create a single Price variable, broken down by your SKU dimension:

Shows the 'Price' variable in xP&A, broken down into the dimension items of the 'SKU' dimension, including 'Coffee beans - light' (12), 'Aeropress' (39.99), and 'Espresso machine' (299.99).
Variable 'Price' with dimension 'SKU'

Suppose that you have to pay 20% in taxes on each sale, and you want to calculate your post-tax revenue for each product.

In a spreadsheet, you would have to create 10 new rows and do a separate calculation for each product.

In xP&A, you can simply do the calculation once, and xP&A will automatically calculate it for each dimension item separately.

Shows the 'Taxes' variable in xP&A, with the formula 'Price by Product * Tax percentage' set once in the top row and automatically calculated for each dimension item, such as 'Coffee beans - light' ($2.40) and 'Espresso machine' ($60).
Calculated dimension items

Suppose that you add a new product to your offering.

In a spreadsheet you would have to find every instance of your product list in your model, insert a new row in the right place, and then fill in the correct formula for it.

In xP&A, you can simply add your new product to your SKU dimension, and xP&A will automatically include it wherever the SKU dimension is used.

If your dimension has an inherent hierarchy, e.g. your dimension is Group and contains Divisions, Branches, and Shops that are rolled up, you can build your dimension in xP&A in order to display and aggregate data at the corresponding level.

To create this hierarchy in the dimension settings, simply grab a dimension item on the left and drop it under the dimension it belongs. This automatically assigns levels (top items are level 1, their children level 2, and so on). For more information, see Creating and Editing Dimensions.

In the following example, Division 1 is level 1, Branch A is level 2 and Shop 1, 2 and 3 are level 3:

Shows the detail view of the 'Group' dimension in xP&A, with dimension items 'Division 1', 'Branch A', 'Shop 3', 'Shop 2', 'Shop 1', 'Division 2', and 'Branch C' shown alongside the 'Type' and 'Company1' columns. Highlighted in red is the hierarchy 'Division 1' -> 'Branch A' -> 'Shop 1', 'Shop 2', and 'Shop 3'.
Hierarchy of a dimension

In addition to levels, dimensions in xP&A may also have types, which are classifications you can assign to items.

Types may align with levels, but don’t have to.

For example, you could have a Shop type where Shop 5 and Shop 6 are grouped under Shop 4.

In models, you can group the dimensions either by types or levels. For more information, see Creating and Editing Dimensions.

Shows the dimension breakdown menu in xP&A for the 'Revenue' variable. Highlighted in red are the 'Levels' section, labeled 'by levels', and the 'Company', 'Branch', 'Shop' type list, labeled 'by types'.
Group by types

You think about your products falling into two different groups: Coffee beans and Coffee equipment.

In xP&A, you can create a dimension called Product Group, link it to the SKU dimension, and then assign each SKU to a Product Group. (For more information, see Creating and Editing Dimensions.)

Shows the 'Product' dimension in xP&A linked to the 'Product Group' dimension, with items such as 'Coffee beans - light' and 'Coffee beans - medium' mapped to 'Coffee Beans', and 'Aeropress' and 'French press - 2 cup' mapped to 'Equipment'.
Linked dimension

In xP&A, dimension breakdowns can replace the VLOOKUP-style formulas you would otherwise need in a spreadsheet. Suppose that your taxes are not just 20% across all products, but that there is a different tax payable on food (e.g. coffee beans) versus coffee equipment.

In a spreadsheet, you would do the following:

1

Set up a lookup table between SKU and Product Group

2

Break your tax assumption out into separate values for each Product Group

3

Replace your tax calculation formulas with VLOOKUPs (or similar) to use the correct tax amount for each product

In xP&A, you can simply apply the Product Group breakdown to your Tax variable, and xP&A will automatically use the correct tax amount for each product in your downstream calculations.

Shows the 'Taxes' variable in xP&A, with the formula 'Price by Product * Tax percentage by Product Group' applied once in the top row and automatically calculated for each dimension item, such as 'Coffee beans - light' ($1.20) and 'Milk frother' ($5).
Applying the 'Product Group' breakdown to the tax variable

Price is broken down by Product while Tax percentage is broken down by Product Group, but xP&A lets you multiply them directly without any manual lookups.

Suppose that you have your monthly revenue broken down by SKU and want to create a stacked bar chart showing your monthly revenue broken down by Product Group.

In a spreadsheet, you would have to first “pivot” your data (using formulas and copy&pasting) and then chart the pivoted version of the data.

In xP&A, you can simply create a chart of your Revenue variable, and then pivot the data directly on the chart without any setup.

Shows a stacked bar chart of the 'Revenue' variable in xP&A, broken down by quarter and by the 'Product Group' items 'Coffee Beans' (light blue) and 'Equipment' (dark blue), reaching $316k in Q4 '25.
Chart to the variable 'Revenue'

Every business is messy, and sometimes you will need to hardcode certain values or set different formulas for different periods.

You can override any dimension value in xP&A by simply clicking and typing into the relevant cell. This is a useful 'escape hatch', but should be used sparingly!

This content was generated using AI and reviewed by Lucanet subject matter experts before publication.