---
title: "Dimensions, Variables, and Formulas"
description: "This article provides step-by-step instructions on how to add, modify, and remove dimension breakdowns from variables in a data model. It further explores the application of formulas across dimensions, offering the ability to override and manage formulas for specific dimension items. Additionally, it covers techniques for sorting and filtering dimension data to enhance the organization and presentation"
source_url: https://support.lucanet.cloud/en/documentation/xp-a---extended-planning-and-analysis/modeling-your-data/using-dimensions/dimensions-variables-and-formulas
language: en
last_updated: 2023-08-16
---
# Dimensions, Variables, and Formulas

## Overview

This article provides step-by-step instructions on how to add, modify, and remove dimension breakdowns from variables in a data model. It further explores the application of formulas across dimensions, offering the ability to override and manage formulas for specific dimension items. Additionally, it covers techniques for sorting and filtering dimension data to enhance the organization and presentation.

## Breaking Down a Variable by Dimensions

To add a dimension breakdown to a variable, hover over a variable and click **Dimensions:**

Adding a dimension to a variable

If the variable already has a dimension breakdown, it will be coming:

- From its [connected data item(s)](https://support.lucanet.cloud/en/documentation/xp-a---extended-planning-and-analysis/integrating-data/working-with-integrated-data/linking-variables-to-integrated-data.md) (if the dimension exists in the data)
- From its formula (if the formula refers to a variable that has the dimension)

Variable that already has a dimension breakdown

{% info-box %}
**What if I want to remove the dimension breakdown?**

You can remove the dimension breakdown by clicking the **-** next to the dimension after clicking the **Dimensions** button. However, if the dimension is coming from data, or from the formula, follow the steps below:

- If your **variable is connected to data**, and the dimension is coming from data, you can either [aggregate the dimension](https://support.lucanet.cloud/en/documentation/xp-a---extended-planning-and-analysis/modeling-your-data/using-dimensions/aggregating-dimensions.md) in the advanced data options on the variable, or you can **remove the dimension** from the model (from the left sidebar), which will remove the breakdown from all variables that had that dimension.
- If your **variable is inheriting the dimension from its formula** (e.g. if it refers to a dimensional variable), you can [aggregate the dimension away in the dimension modifier](https://support.lucanet.cloud/en/documentation/xp-a---extended-planning-and-analysis/modeling-your-data/using-dimensions/aggregating-dimensions.md).
{% /info-box %}

You can also create new variables when viewing a dimension in the bottom-panel of the spreadsheet (once you open the dimension from the left-hand sidebar).

Click the **+** in the far-right column, and create a new dimensional variable by choosing its format from the drop-down (e.g. Currency, %).

Addin new variable from the bottom panel

## Dimension Breakdowns and Variable Formulas

When a variable is broken down by a dimension, and you set a formula at the top (aggregate) row, it will be **automatically applied in the same way across all dimension items**. This is powerful as it means you only have to set the formula once.

Formula in the top row

If, however, you wish to set a different formula/value for certain dimension items, simply edit the formula for that particular row/cell. These edits will show up as an **Override**, and you can easily reset the override (back to the default formula), by clicking **Reset override** or **Reset row**.

Resetting a row

If you do not have a top (aggregate) row formula or value, then you have no "default", so different formulas or values for dimension item rows or cells are not considered **Overrides**.

{% info-box %}
**FAQ regarding the Override function**

- **Question**: What if I have 2+ dimensions on a variable (e.g. **Country** and then **Product**), and then override for one of the **Countries**(e.g. **New Zealand**).\
\
**Answer**: All the **Products** under **New Zealand** will now take their formula from the override for **New Zealand** (not the top-level/aggregate row of the variable).

- **Question**: How do I override an entire dimension item row?\
\
**Answer**: Either edit the formula in the formula column (which sets the formula for all months or time steps), or override a cell and then drag/fill-right that formula to all other cells in the row.
- **Question**: Are different formulas/values in specific time step columns of the top-level/aggregate row of the variable considered overrides?\
\
**Answer**: No, this just serves as a different formula for that time step.
- **Question**: Can you override data?\
\
**Answer**: No, [data always takes precedence](https://support.lucanet.cloud/en/documentation/xp-a---extended-planning-and-analysis/integrating-data.md) whenever it is present. It cannot be overridden.
{% /info-box %}

## Re-Ordering Dimensions on a Variable

You can easily **drag to reorder** the dimension breakdown on a variable.

For example, if you have a variable broken down by **Department** and then **Region**, you can swap the order around so it is **Region** and then **Department** instead. This will not change any calculations, it will just change the dimension ordering that you see when you expand the variable.

Drag to change the order

## Variable Modifiers: Dimensions

Dimension modifiers allow you to slice and dice variables within formulas, using the related **dimensions** and **dimension items**. You can:

- Group by linked dimensions
- Filter by dimension items
- Aggregate away dimensions

For a deep-dive, see: [Dimension modifiers](#catmod).

## Referencing Dimension Items Within Formulas

You can use your model's dimensions and dimension items in formulas as follows:

- You can access the number of dimension items by clicking on the **three dots menu** and selecting **Size**:

Displaying the number of dimension Items

- You can also use dimensions in if-statements (e.g. to dynamically define a variable's dimensional values without requiring a formula for each dimension item).

Dimensions in IF Statements

## Sorting and Filtering Dimensions in the Bottom Panel

You can also dynamically filter and sort dimensions in the bottom panel (after opening the dimension from the overview on the left).

You can sort either by clicking **Sort Filter**, or from the column header directly. If you sort the dimension items, you have the option to save the order, in which case it is applied to any variables in the models that have that dimension applied.

Sort and Filter dimension items

## Sorting by Dimension Item Value on a Variable

You can also sort by dimension item value on a variable in the spreadsheet. For instance, if you have **Spend** broken down by **Vendor**, you can quickly sort the **Spend** variable so the breakdown is from biggest to smallest vendor.

Choose to sort based off the values for the [Entire Model Period](https://support.lucanet.cloud/en/documentation/xp-a---extended-planning-and-analysis/modeling-your-data/working-with-time.md), or just the [Last Actual Date](https://support.lucanet.cloud/en/documentation/xp-a---extended-planning-and-analysis/modeling-your-data/working-with-time/last-actual-date.md), and choose **Descending** or **Ascending** order ( **Descending** is the default).

Sort dimension items

Find this setting in the **edit** menu on a variable.

To remove the sort, just click the **x** next to **Entire model period/Last actual date**.

{% info-box %}
Note that we use the [Time Aggregation](https://support.lucanet.cloud/en/documentation/xp-a---extended-planning-and-analysis/modeling-your-data/create-edit-variables/aggregation-functions.md) setting to determine how values are summed up for the **entire model period**. The default is **Sum**, but if you have set a Time aggregation setting of **Final**, for example, we will sort using only the final value in the entire model period.
{% /info-box %}